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Shaina Fober Although political divisions first emerged over domestic issues, they deepened during a series of crises over foreign policy that reopened the troublesome issue of America’s relationship with Great Britain. Domestic and foreign policy were, however, never entirely separate, since decisions in one area frequently carried implications for the other. Foreign and domestic policy (1789-1803) spans from the foreign affairs of Washington, to Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase. Between these times is the Election of 1796, Adams’s administration, concerning a variety of perspectives of historical figures n financial policies and foreign countries, such as the Alien Act and Louisiana Purchase Treaty, were all in relation to the restrictions and powers of the United States Constitution. Under the term of Washington, there were many affairs to deal with, mainly foreign. Hamilton saw much to admire in Britain, and when Britain was so burdened with debt that it seemed on the verge of bankruptcy, his reforms restored his country’s financial health. The success of Hamilton’s financial program, moreover, depended on smooth relations with Britain: duties on imports provided a major source of federal evenue, and most American imports came from Britain. Hamilton did not believe in returning the Americans to British rule; he had, after all, fought for independence as an officer of the Continental army. Nor did he seek to establish a monarchy in the United States. But he thought a friendly relationship with the onetime mother country would best serve American interests. In contrast, Jefferson remained deeply hostile to Britain, and his Anglophobia played a central role in his growing opposition to Hamilton. The treasury secretary’s method of finance, with a bank and large funded debt, seemed, as in art it was, based on a British model, one that to Jefferson was dangerous because it allowed abundant opportunity for corruption. For ex ample, Jefferson stated, â€Å"The incorporation of a bank, and the powers assumed by this bill, have not, in my opinion, been delegated to the United States, by the Constitution. † (Document C). Jefferson was also deeply loyal to France, the Americans’ old ally in the War for Independence. While serving as minister to France during the 1780’s, Jefferson had witnessed the beginnings of the French Revolution, which in his opinion only tightened the bond between France nd America, whose Revolution, he thought, had inspired the French. These differences widened as issues in foreign policy came to dominate Washington’s administration, and they gradually marked a division. In 1790, Britain and Spain seemed likely to go to war; then Britain seemed headed for the war with France that finally broke out in 1793. Jefferson argued that Britain’s situation gave the United States an opportunity to secure concessions in return for American neutrality. The Britis h had never evacuated their posts in the Northwest, and westerners suspected the British of sing those bases to provoke Indian attacks on the American frontier. But on April 22, 1793, Washington, influenced by Hamilton, who desperately wanted to avoid any altercation with Britain, issued a proclamation that essentially announced American neutrality without even trying to secure any concessions in return. A few months later, Jefferson submitted his resignation as secretary of state, which took effect at the end of the year. Since the Farewell Address was understood as Washington’s parting advice to his country, it was widely read and remains one of the most frequently reprinted documents n American history. It was a moving document, beginning with expressions of the sixty- four-year-old Washington’s gratitude to his â€Å"beloved country† for the honors and confidence it had invested in him and a reference to â€Å"the increasing weight of years† that admo nished him â€Å"more and more, that the gloom of retirement is as necessary to me as it is welcome. † Then the president offered advice, based on â€Å"much reflection,† that might â€Å"contribute to the permanency of your felicity as a People. † He urged his countrymen to support the public credit, to â€Å"observe good faith and justice towards all Nations† while voiding permanent alliances with any, and to disdain â€Å"over-grown Military establishments,† which were always â€Å"inauspicious to liberty. † But the thrust of his message concerned the country’s political divisions. However, it seems strange in retrospect, that the Adams administration had a president from one party (Federalist) and vice-president from another (Republican). But Adams and Jefferson had been allies in the struggle for independence and, in the 1780’s, deepened their bonds while serving together as diplomats in Europe. Most important, problems wi th France remained pressing. After hearing about Jay’s Treaty, the French, who began seizing American ships bound for England, would not recognize the neutral rights of American ships and in December 1796 refused to accept the new American minister to France. As the war fever grew, Adams fell into Washington’s old position, regarding critics of his government as rebellious people who put their confidence in France rather than their own government. Federalists in Congress went further, passing a series of laws for the suppression of the Republicans. Three Alien Acts, passed in June and July of 798, moved against immigrants, who were often members of the Republican Party. The first, an Alien Enemies Act that allowed the president to arrest or banish enemy aliens, would rake effect only if war was declared. Another Alien Act allowed the president to deport any foreigners he considered dangerous to the public peace and safety, and a Naturalization Act increased the time of residence before immigrants c ould become Citizens, and therefore acquire voting rights. The Alien Act also stated that, â€Å"†¦whenever there shall be a declared war between the United States, by any foreign ation or government, or any invasion or predatory incursion shall be perpetrated, attempted, or threatened against the territory of the United States, by any foreign government, and the President of the United States shall make public proclamation of the event†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Document E). As America’s population grew and increasing numbers of white settlers looked westward for affordable land, events were unfolding that would dramatically change the map of America and influence the nation’s political, economic, and social development for much of the nineteenth century. At issue was the so-called Louisiana Territory, an enormous area that stretched from the Mississippi River in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West and north to Canada. Like most Americans, Jefferson harbored the belief that Louisiana would some day belong to the United States. It was thought that control of Louisiana, long considered a natural extension of the United States, loomed critical in defending the country’s expanding frontier against Indian raids and foreign adventurers as well as serving as a valuable source of raw materials, most notable the worthwhile western fur trade. Most important, in Jefferson’s view, the Louisiana Territory would be America’s ultimate safety valve: a seemingly limitless territory to which Indians could be removed ahead of white settlement and, above all, a place where landless immigrants from the East might move to carry on the American tradition that he deemed so essential to the well-being of the Republic. The Louisiana Purchase Treaty, also came out of this purchase. Which was a positive boost to the relationship between the United States and France, because as stated, â€Å" The First Consul of the French Republic desiring to give to the United a strong proof of his friendship doth hereby cede to the United States in the name of the French Republic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Document F). Altogether, a new American nation emerged solely on these incidences in history. They helped pave the way for future and current political parties, and influenced their beliefs in domestic and foreign issues. Though these perspectives are represented on a wide scale, they are related in that all Americans seek perfection whether it is concerning domestic and foreign policies, and how that relation is always connected to our supreme United States Constitution.

Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Briefing Essay

The purpose of this brief is to educate the newly elected board members on government accounting. Because the new board members are businesspeople from the community, they need to understand why government accounting is not the same as for-profit financial accounting. The brief will compare government accounting to for-profit financial accounting, describe the basic government reporting entity, and evaluate the Management Discussion and Analysis section of the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) for the State of Alabama. The State of Alabama’s fiscal year ended September 30, 2011 will be used in the evaluation of the MD&A section (Office of the State Comptroller, 2011). Governmental Accounting vs. For-Profit Financial Accounting Governmental accounting is not the same as for-profit financial accounting. Therefore, it is necessary that individuals employed in government entities have a good understanding of budgeting and accounting. Governments and for-profits have different purposes, activities that generate revenues, stakeholders, financial objectives, and desire to survive. Separate accounting and financial reporting standards are necessary because users of financial reports of governments and for-profits do not have the same needs (GASB, 2012). Governments are required to be accountable for the use of resources in their operating environment, unlike for-profit businesses. Governmental resources are acquired from the guaranteed payment of taxes paid by individual taxpayers. The taxes paid have no direct relationship to the services the taxpayer received. Therefore, taxpayers assess the value received from the resources they have provided to government. As a result, governmental accounting and financial reporting standards strive to help stakeholders evaluate if public resources are properly expensed and if the capacity of services improved or worsened from the previous year (GASB, 2012). Government Reporting Entity Identifying the accounting entity is one of the most important  accounting issues. The financial reporting entity is the primary government and its component units. The primary government can be either a state, local, or special government. Component units are official separate organizations in which elected officials of the primary government are held financially accountable. A component unit and a primary government are dependent to one another. Their relationship is necessary to ensure that the reporting entity’s financial statements are not misleading or incomplete (Copley & Engstrom, 2011). State and local governments are advised to prepare a Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR). A CAFR should cover all funds and activities of the primary government and its component units. The CAFR consists of three parts: introductory, financial, and statistical. The Introductory Section of the CAFR includes the table of contents, letter of transmittal from the government’s Finance Director, list of government officials, and an organizational chart (Copley & Engstrom, 2011). The financial section includes an independent auditor’s report, management’s discussion and analysis, government-wide financial statements, fund financial statements, financial statements notes, and any other required supplementary financial information. Last, the statistical section includes additional financial, economic, and demographic information (Office of Financial Management, 2012). By combining all three sections into one comprehensive report, the CAFR reveals the state government’s financial and operating activities that define its financial condition. Management’s Discussion and Analysis In June 1999, the GASB issued a statement requiring government entities to include the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) within the CAFR. The MD&A discusses issues related to government entities, such as financial performance, capital resources, and budget trends, in regard to its financial position. The MD&A gives the government an opportunity to present an overview of its financial activities. This section contains most of the basic financial statements. Auditors are responsible for reviewing the financial material to verify that the information is correct (Copley & Engstrom, 2011). The State of Alabama’s MD&A provides useful financial highlights to CAFR users and the public. At the end of September 30, 2011, Alabama’s net assets increased by $335 million and exceeded liabilities by  $24.1 billion at the end of the fiscal year. By reviewing the financial highlights, a user can gather information about the state’s six major funds that operate the government for Alabama. The General Fund and Education Trust fund were prorated by 15 and 3 percent, respectively because collection did not meet the projections outlined in the budget. Users also can access the state’s basic financial statements, which consist of government-wide financial statements, fund financial statements, and notes to the financial statements. Because the MD&A performs its analysis using financial conditions based on the balance sheet, statement of revenues, expenditures, and changes in the funds balance, the CAFR is more understandable to its users (Department of Finance: Office of the State Comptroller, 2011). Conclusion The CAFR is an annual financial statement issued by a state or local government to represent its financial position. There are noteworthy differences between for-profit and governmental accounting. Understanding these differences is fundamental when measuring management’s performance and the financial success or failure of the entity. The organization is accountable for its success or failures because of the information presented in the organization’s CFAR. Furthermore, the MD&A provides a more comprehensible outline of management’s breakdown and impacts of governmental activities on the financial situation of the organization. References Copley, P., & Engstrom, J. (2011). Essentials of accounting for governmental and not-for-profit organizations (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Department of Finance: Office of the State Comptroller. (2011). Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the Fiscal Year ended September 30, 2011. Retrieved from http://comptroller.alabama.gov/pdfs/CAFR/CAFR.Ala.2011.pdf GASB. (2012). Why Government Accounting and Financial Reporting is – and should be- Different. Retrieved from http://www.gasb.org/white_paper_full.pdf Granof, M. H., & Wardlow, P. S. (2011). Core Concepts of Government and Not-for-Profit Accounting (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Wiley & Sons. Office of Financial Management. (2012). Comprehensive Annual Financial Report. Retrieved from http://www.ofm.wa.gov/cafr/

Cosmetic Advertisements People Essay

Cosmetic Advertisements People believe cosmetic products are the answers to facial perfection. This often happens because cosmetic advertising creates an illusion that cosmetic products are the source to real beauty. People that are trying to fill that void in their lives took towards cosmetic products to fill the void. People follow cosmetic advertisements in learning that one can achieve true beauty using makeup. Cosmetic advertisements teach that the more cosmetic products a person can wear the more beautiful a person will be. Cosmetic advertisements create an allusion of what real beauty is through lipstick, eyeliners, elongated eyelashes, eye shadows, powder puffs and other cosmetic products. Cosmetic advertisements teach the pursuit of these items will lead to the desired facial appearance that people believe they should have. The truth to this myth is that beauty cannot be determined by the use of cosmetic products because every individual was born beautiful. Still people are naive to the fact that one’s beautiful from birth and they buy what cosmetic advertisements are selling beauty to be. Cosmetic advertisements aim is to demonstrate that one is not beautiful without the use of cosmetic products. One cause of this myth is because it appears that people are at their happiest when they are wearing new mascara or are modeling the newest eyeliner. Cosmetic Advertisements portray that if people want excitement in life people should wear cosmetics. Cosmetic advertisements broadcast how one looks with makeup on. This is telling the public what people are suppose to look like. With examples of societies’ expectations of people; if one fulfills societies’ expectations, then one’s life becomes exciting if one wears makeup. Cosmetic advertisements display how one will have face like Barbie. People now want to become Barbie. â€Å"The power of advertising is indisputable† ( Leslie Ware xii). Cosmetic advertisements have become ideal for what beauty is supposed to be. It no longer is that people wanted to embrace ones natural look, but it come to the point where people now wear cosmetics to bed. People start going out of their way to obtain the necessity to achieve cosmetic beauty; buying expensive makeup, exhaust one’s credit or carrying a cosmetic bag every where one goes. Many people lose understanding of what facial beauty is and make cosmetics their source of beauty. Morals that used to be important in life changed. Generations are losing the value of self appreciation because cosmetic advertising make natural beauty seem pointless to embrace. To enhance one’s beauty a person has to use makeup. As a result people are losing knowledge on how to embrace one’s self without the use of cosmetics. The impact of cosmetic advertisements changed the way people are looking at themselves in recent generations because cosmetic advertisements broadcasting the need for nonessential items that people desire in order to obtain the perfect look, a desirable appearance, rather than the need for items that are essential for life. Regardless if one has the money or not the common belief is for people to have a flawless look achievable with the use of cosmetic products only. Nowadays before children can even say their name correctly they are being introduced to cosmetic products. Young teenagers now persuade their parents in allowing them to wear makeup as cosmetic will catapult their ordinary facial appearance to that of a Barbie. Cosmetic gives teenagers adult appearances if applied properly. Cosmetic advertisements aim to convince society that one cannot function properly without the use of cosmetic products; therefore, cosmetic advertisement affect people by showing what a person should look like and one is inferior if does not undergo the cosmetic metamorphosis. Cosmetic advertisers like Proactiv and Covergirl display compelling messages to sell their cosmetic products. They offer special deals and discounts for more people to purchase their products. These cosmetic advertisements show endless testimonials of their products effectiveness influencing people on the certainty of their bottle beauty. â€Å"Advertisements are more than just appeals to buy; they are windows into our psyches and our culture. They reveal our values, our (not-so-hidden) desires, our yearnings for a different lifestyle† (Six Decades of Advertising 537). Without meaningful standard by which to measure one’s worth, people turns to cosmetic advertisements for affirmation. Cosmetic Advertisements uses makeup as a way of showing what people should look like. Wearing cosmetics show people having flawless faces or immaculate appearances that are perceived to be of utmost importance. Purchasing and wearing these cosmetics are ways of proving to people that one is complete. Cosmetic advertisement send the message that the more cosmetics a person have on the better they are and a way of showing they are more of value than those without. The more time and the more money people spend on cosmetics or makeup make them higher on the list of facial perfection. Cosmetic advertisements prominently attract the wealthy or the ones with low self esteem. People with low self esteem uses cosmetic products to enhance one’s self esteem to be considered as one with an A-list face. Wealthy people with excess money can obtain unlimited makeup and are on the A-list for facial appearance. The ones who cannot purchase unlimited cosmetics to acquire complete facial perfection haven’t made it and are still on the search for such perfection. Despite the fact, cosmetic advertisements always trying to attain more people in favor of cosmetic products; therefore, according to these advertisements people who do not wear cosmetics are considered D-list for facial appearance. As such this becomes people’s constant battle for more cosmetic products because the more makeup someone has the better ranked that person is. In actuality having the best cosmetic or most expensive makeup does not make a person better than another or mean that a person is complete. In actuality these cosmetic advertisements have not accomplished anything of value to benefit the world. Instead they are telling people how unattractive and incomplete they are without the use of makeup. Cosmetic advertising has developed and supported great industries, increased entire economies, and increase the job market. Cosmetic companies such as Proactiv, Maybelline, Clean and Clear, L’oreal and much more, have thousands of employees, vehicles and equipments which contributes to the economic well been. Nevertheless, many people of today’s society are under high stress. They may seem publicly confident but secretly they feel a sense of failure, vulnerability, exhaustion, being overwhelmed, and defeat by society. Apart of being naturally unattractive is the acceptance that, in fact, our age will catch up to us and one will become old. This cause many people to succumb to a state of total and utter depression. Beauty advertising companies hone into these vulnerable feelings and promote their products as though it is a cure for all physical and emotional ailments of human being. Hair dye, creams and wrinkle minimizing makeup are only the start to how far people will go to appear beautiful or young again. Cosmetic Advertisements also portray women as sex objects and define what is popular and what is the â€Å"perfect look†. â€Å"When it comes to cosmetics, advertisements sell very well. Who wouldn’t want skin like Uma Thompson or Queen Latifah as it appears in the plentiful adds of women’s magazines glowing and unlined, without a pimple, crease, or freckle in sight? The desire is even sharper today because women feel younger than their calendar years, and they want to look as good as they feel. † ( Daniel B. Yarosh 31). Modern consumer culture has linked sexuality with beauty to the extent that they cannot be separated. Today, one cannot turn on the television, open a magazine or walk down a public street without being bombarded with images of seductive women or perfectly toned men being used to sell various types of cosmetic products. Why are these images so powerful? These advertising strategies create a desire. How do cosmetic advertisements shape and define the self-concept of both men and women? How does linking beauty with sexuality and desirability influence the way one relates to each advertisement? Finally, Cosmetic Advertisements portray that the void people feel in their lives can be filled through the use of makeup. People loose what happiness is and let Cosmetic Advertisements sell cosmetic happiness. Cosmetic Advertisements are showing people how they should be spending the money they are making in order to obtain beauty. People who do not wear cosmetics are considered to be the losers and the people who wear cosmetics are considered to be the winners. One’s accomplishment should not be judged by how fancy a person’s makeup is or how much cosmetics one has on but by how much a person contributes towards society. Cosmetics products are ultimately dominating people’s lifestyle. Works Cited Laurence and Rosen. â€Å"Six Decades of Advertising† Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. 11th Edition. Ed Laurence and Rosen. Boston: Longman, 2011: 538. Print. pg 538. Academic Research Completed. 08 Aug. 2013. Daniel B. Yarosh. â€Å" Skin† The New Science of Perfect Skin. New York: Broadway book, 2008: 31. Print. Academic Work Completed. 10 Aug. 2013. Leslie Ware. â€Å"Introduction† Selling It. New York: Norton, 2002: xii. Print. Academic Work Completed. 11 Aug. 2013.

American Spice Trade Association

The American Spice Trade Association is the central element of the spice industry in the United States, promoting its interests and working to expand the American presence in the international spice markets. â€Å"The American Spice Trade Association’s members manufacture and market the majority of spices sold in the Unites States at retail and to food processors† . Since the days of its foundation and until present, the American Spice Trade Association has played an increasing role in the American spice industry evolution, changing the industry’s legislative basis and offering spice manufacturers additional opportunities for business growth.Currently, the Association is actively involved into the process of developing close relations with the government and with other spice companies internationally. The Association is the central element of successful relations between its members and those who are closely related to spice industry in the United States. History At the end of the first decade of the 20th century, federal authorities have come to realizing the need for better legislative restrictions in the area of food and drug manufacturing.Spice manufacturers were facing a serious challenge: they had to protect their business interests and to align them with the growing need for better sanitary conditions in food manufacturing. On August 7, 1907, the rooms of the Underwriters’ Club in Chicago witnessed the formation of a completely new kind of trade association, which was later called the American Spice Trade Association.The new trade association had to be headquartered in New York and to perform under New York State Law; by the end of the 1930s the association has turned into organization well known for its arbitration fights and for its persistent striving to revive spice industry that was severely impacted by the Great Depression. â€Å"The American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) has played an important role in the evolution o f the U. S. spice industry for more than 50 years.For example, in 1969, the Association adopted its first Cleanliness Specifications for Unprocessed Spices, Seeds and Herbs. † The role of the Association was increasingly important after the tragic events in Chernobyl: the major portion of spice crops in Eastern Europe was contaminated with radioactive materials. Currently, the Association looks far into the future, being deeply engaged into resolving regulatory and legislative issues that negatively impact the quality of business relations in spice industry. Mission and strategic planThe official website of the American Spice Trade Association states that â€Å"ASTA, the voice of the U. S. spice industry, works to ensure clean, safe spice and address public policy on behalf of the global industry†. In this context, the Association pursues the three strategic objectives: to ensure clean and safe spice through education and standards; to become a well-known and credible a uthority, which can positively impact the spice industry; and to facilitate international relations, which could further benefit spice industry worldwide.ASTA is constantly involved into developing and implementing a whole set of legislative procedures that would facilitate and improve the quality of business performance in spice industry in the United States and worldwide. Membership Currently, the Association includes 175 member companies, which grow, dehydrate, or process spices. All Association members are integrally linked to the spice industry in the United States; that means that all Association members are either based in the U. S. , or grow their spice crops in the U. S. , or supply U. S. companies with spices.The Association offers active membership opportunities to the companies, which are involved into â€Å"growing, importation, exportation, processing, blending, trading, distribution, or sale at wholesale or retail of spices or seasonings†. Brokers, agents, impo rters, traders, growers, and distributors can participate in ASTA on equal terms. Legislative activity and relations with government The Cleanliness Specifications for Unprocessed Spices, Seeds, and Herbs have become the first step toward lobbying the interests of spice manufacturers at the federal level.Cleanliness Specifications were aimed at improving analytical and sampling procedures used by spice manufacturers in the U. S. In 2003 the Association along with other six trade associations filed a petition to the Federal Food and Drug Administration, requesting to conduct â€Å"a notice-and-comment rulemaking in order to implement the marking provision of the Bioterrorism Act†. In other words, American trade associations were striving to clarify the issues of foods and spices denied permission to entry the U. S. territory.Neither of the trade organizations in the U. S. had a clear definition nor understanding of the way the restricted goods had to be marked. The Association asserted that â€Å"the marking provision was not self-effectuating; the most significant substantive gap in the marking provision is that it did not specify the circumstances under which a mark would be required†. As a result of those group activities, the FDA had to reconsider previous marking criteria and to provide Trade associations with marking requirements in substantive and definitive language.The American Spice Trade Association lobbying and the new Administration The 100 years of the Association’s development and performance have proved the relevance of two-side communication between ASTA and the government. The American Spice Trade Association is actively lobbying its interests to guarantee the achievement of the three strategic objectives by 2010. The year 2008 was marked with the Association’s striving to maintain appropriate legislative balance and to communicate its positions on food safety in Presidential administration and Congress.The Associat ion has succeeded in forming stable alliances with the FDA; the legislative provisions limiting spice imports and requiring spice manufacturers to pay for import registration in the U. S. were reconsidered at the federal level. The Association has acquired its own seat at the table where issues relating to spice industry are being discussed. ASTA is asked to provide objective feedback on the major changes and legislative acts that may potentially change the balance of forces in the spice market.â€Å"As a result of solid relationships, ASTA was able to get the FDA Food â€Å"Czar† and a Member of Congress to speak at the 2008 Legislative / Regulatory Workshop. † The Association uses its monthly newsletter and the official website as the source and the instrument of delivering critical information to major spice manufacturers; the Government Relations Committee has become the integral element of the association’s organizational structure. The Committee represents strategic interests of ASTA in federal agencies and Congress.The Association constantly monitors legislative and regulatory changes that may potentially threaten the stability of business performance in the American spice industry. Conclusion The American Spice Trade Association is the central institution protecting the rights of spice manufacturers and importers in the United States. The Association is actively involved into developing positive and mutually beneficial relationships with government and other legislative bodies, and works to promote spice manufacturers’ interests in the U. S. markets.ASTA is known for its legislative activity; the Association currently includes 175 members, and promotes the importance of clean and safe spices through education and standards. ASTA has become the indispensable element of the American and international spice trade; throughout its long history, the Association has proved its decisions and legislative steps to be of utmost importa nce for the whole spice industry in the United States. BIBLIOGRAPHY ASTA, 100 years of industry leadership, 2008, retrieved 18 November 2008, http://www. astaspice. org/i4a/pages/index. cfm?pageid=3291 ASTA, About ASTA, 2008, retrieved 18 November 2008, http://www. astaspice. org/i4a/pages/index. cfm? pageid=3281 ASTA, Government relations, 2008, retrieved 18 November 2008, http://www. astaspice. org/i4a/pages/index. cfm? pageid=3284 ERS, U. S. spice consumption by sector, 2003, retrieved 18 November 2008, http://www. ers. usda. gov/publications/aib709/aib709d. pdf FDA, Citizen petition, 2003, retrieved 18 November 2008, http://www. fda. gov/ohrms/DOCKETS/dailys/03/Feb03/022703/03p-0078-cp00001-vol1. pdf HARRIS, M, ‘Spice it up’, E, 12 May 2001, pp. 8.

Mcdonald’s in China

McDonald’s: Is China Lovin' it? Executive Summary This case studies McDonald’s’ business model as it develops to achieve success in the Chinese market. Issues addressed included how to retain McDonald’s’ image of cultural Americana, yet adapt to satisfy pallets and appeal to patrons in Chinese culture. 1. What is the purpose of conducting an external environmental analysis? What are the general environmental forces that could influence or have influenced McDonald’s development in China?The purpose of conducting an external environmental analysis is to obtain information on the forces outside of a company that will help to determine how the company will operate. A successful company cannot operate only in its internal environment and must be aware of the external factors that will further shape the business. Company strategies must take these factors into account in order to match their internal strengths and weaknesses with their external thr eats and opportunities. With McDonald’s expansion in China, external environmental factors did play a key role.One major environmental force came from American company KFC. KFC entered China in 1987 and it was important for McDonald’s to analyze the factors that had been successful and unsuccessful at KFC. Another environmental force that played a large role in McDonald’s growth in China was local Chinese quick service restaurants where customers could buy local cuisines such as noodles and dumplings. Other pertinent environmental factors that McDonald’s was forced to address in China were the effects of the growing middle class and a more affluent population.This lead to other types of local and foreign restaurants attempts to capitalize on this growing wealth, generating further competition. The external environment has also shown force by consumers demanding higher standards in the McDonald’s restaurants as well as resistance to the restaurantsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ high prices. Buyers’ desires also affected the external environment, which caused McDonald’s to increase operating hours to 24 hours, implement home delivery service and drive thrus in many location.Suppliers were integral elements of the external environment as well and McDonald’s grew to source 95% of their food from local growers and suppliers. 2. Based on the external environmental analysis, what are the opportunities and threats presented to McDonald’s operations in China? The external environmental analysis reveals several opportunities in China on which McDonald’s can capitalize. Annual per-capita disposable income has increased an average of 22. 18% for urban households and 64. 62% for rural households per year over the last 20 years.The general trend during this time has been movement from rural to urban population centers where disposable incomes are higher[i]. The increase in disposable incomes has helped contribute to the fast f ood industry boom. These trends promise to continue as the Chines economy evolves. Tier pricing can be leveraged to help McDonald’s reach customers of different income levels in locations at different levels of development. Additionally, as the Chinese economy continues to develop, improvements to local infrastructure may create opportunities for an improved supply chain.As of 2006, 95% of materials used by McDonald’s in China were locally sourced. McDonald’s will likely benefit as local suppliers employ more advanced technology and management processes. There are also untapped opportunities for franchising. China created the legal structure for foreign franchisors in 2004 and, as of February 2007, only one of the 879 McDonald’s restaurants in China was franchised while KFC, their largest competitor, franchised 37 of their 1700 restaurants. Increasing the number of franchisees will allow McDonald’s to expand to new locations while minimizing risk.I n addition to expanding their franchising operations, McDonald’s has opportunities to take advantage of changing Chinese preferences by expanding store innovations and local partnerships. Drive-thrus, 24-hour restaurants, delivery, and even more upscale casual dining restaurants may help the chain improve their appeal with young people as would further partnerships like that created with Taobao. com in 2007. Several threats were also revealed by the external analysis including intense competition in the Chinese fast food market from both foreign and local chains.McDonald’s was a relatively late entrant to the market allowing competitor KFC to enjoy first mover advantages. Because barriers to entry are relatively low several other foreign chains have expanded to China including Burger King, Subway, Pizza Hut, and Japan’s Mo’s Burgers and Ajisen Ramen. Local chains including Malan Noodles, Hong Kong’s Cafe de Coral, and Taiwan’s Dicos contribu te to an intensely competitive market. The threat of new entrants remains and, as Chinese industries become more advanced and familiar with Western management and operations practices, is significant.McDonald’s operations in China may also be threatened by new trends in the casual dining industry and rising expectations of customers who may be less willing to pay luxury prices for what they are learning many Americans consider a downscale product. Finally, increasing social criticism over health, environmental, and wage concerns will also pose a threat to McDonald’s in the future. 3. Discuss the five forces of the industry environment of McDonald’s China and comment on the competitiveness of the company in relation to each of these forces.Michael Diamond’s Five Forces Model of Competition includes the following forces: Existing competitive rivalry between suppliers: There are many fast food options in China. McDonald’s is the second largest fast fo od provider and their primary rival is Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC). Other competitors in China in the fast food industry include noodle and dumpling stalls. Local Chinese restaurants sell light and simple food such as noodles, dumplings, wantons, and steamed bread, which are all becoming part of the fast food culture in China. Rivalry is a strong competitive force.Threat of new market entrants: After numerous attempts in the 1990s by various local and regional Chinese fast food chains, some successful and some not so successful, many companies could not compete in this environment. In the mid-2000s, new market entrants into the Chinese fast food industry were U. S. -based Burger King, and Subway and Japan’s Mo’s Burger. Themed restaurants and Starbucks also entered the mix of new entrants. Although these new entrants offer a different experience, the growing middle class of China still wants McDonald’s to be a Western brand. The threat of new entrants is a mode rate competitive force.Bargaining power of buyers: Buyers do not have any switching costs. The buyers just simply go to a different fast food restaurant, a traditional Chinese meal served on communal plates, or cook at home. Buyers can purchase from several sellers. Buyers are a strong competitive force because they have a lot of leverage. McDonald’s has recognized this and has offered tiered pricing, altered their menu, trained their staff to ensure quality and consistency, and updated their decor. Power of suppliers: McDonald’s set up its own internal supply network to sell to both the domestic and export markets.Chinese partners created joint ventures with McDonald’s and strengthened McDonald’s supply chain. The supply chain created by McDonald’s has created 95% of the materials needed. It would be costly for McDonald’s to switch suppliers because of the joint venture that they entered into with their Chinese partners. This makes the supp liers a strong competitive force. Threat of Substitute Products: Many substitute products exist in the fast food arena. If you look at McDonald’s as a hamburger fast food restaurant, substitute products would be noodles, dumplings, sandwiches, chicken, and pizza.Traditional Chinese restaurants and home cooked meals are also substitutes to the McDonald’s hamburger. There is a vast array of substitute products available for the Chinese consumer. This makes substitute products a moderate competitive force. 4. What are the strategic groups in the fast-food industry in China? In which strategic group does McDonald’s China compete most in China. A strategic group as defined by Michael Porter is â€Å"a group of firms in an industry following the same or similar strategy along strategic dimensions†.In other words, a Strategic Group (SG) is a group of businesses that function in a similar way with respect to specialization and vertical integration. The strategic groups in the fast-food industry in China all have the following characteristics in common: fast food, efficient self-service, standardized servings and systems, less reliance on utensils, clean/comfortable atmosphere, and local menu additions. McDonald’s obviously excels at all of these characteristics world-wide and took it a step further by promoting the Western traditions by marketing the â€Å"Window to the West†.This particular type of western-influenced fast-food is the primary strategic group that McDonald’s competes in even today. Western-influenced fast food was not new when McDonald’s arrived on the scene as KFC arrived in 1987, a full five years ahead of McDonald’s. KFC did so well that their success lured McDonald’s and Pizza Hut to follow suit beginning in 1990. However, â€Å"fast-food† in China wasn’t new when KFC entered China as they had noodle and dumpling stalls. KFC, McDonald’s and Pizza Hut all want ed to capitalize on the rapidly-expanding middle-class economy in China with their new-found increasing disposable income.KFC was able to do this the best as their primary offering is chicken-based whereas both McDonald’s and Pizza Hut had to add local dishes to go along with their mostly-beef menu. All three of the western brands (KFC, McDonald’s, Pizza Hut) were considered luxury-type restaurants and as such were able to charge higher prices as well. Fast forward to present times, according to William Mellor of the Bloomberg Markets Magazine[ii] we see that Yum! Brands now has 3,200 KFC’s and 500 Pizza Hut’s in China whereas McDonald’s is striving to get to 2,200 stores by 2013.As you can see, KFC and Pizza Hut are well ahead of McDonald’s in terms of penetrating the Chinese market but that isn’t deterring McDonald’s from moving forward. ———————– [i] Ko, Stephen. McDonal d’s: Is China Lovin’ It? Asia Case Research Centre. The University of Hong Kong. December 2, 2008. [ii] Mellor, William. McDonald’s No Match for KFC in China as Colonel Rules Fast Food, Bloomberg Markets Magazine. January 26, 2011. Retrieved July 16, 2011 from http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2011-01-26/mcdonald-s-no-match-for-kfc-in-china-where-colonel-sanders-rules-fast-food. html.

Improvment of the profit margin and sustainability of an organization Assignment

Improvment of the profit margin and sustainability of an organization - Assignment Example In order to improve the profit margin and sustainability of an organization,operating in this tough competitive age,the most essential requirement is recruitment of an experienced and talented leader A leader is a person who might work as a catalyst, in enhancing and controlling the human resources of the organization in an effective way. This is because; the human resource is the prime requirement of any organization operating in any segment and in any region. As human resource are mainly responsible, for the fulfilment of the future goals and objectives of the organization in the market among others. However, it might be possible only if the leader may act tactfully and motivate the employees towards work in order to improve the productivity and image of the organization in the entire market, in-spite of varied types of changes. Only then, the image and profit margin of the organization might get enhanced in the market among other rival players. Moreover, if the changes might be ha ndled in an effective way then the popularity and equity of the organization may be enhanced thereby amplifying its competitiveness in the market to a certain extent in long run among others. Thus, it might be depicted that, leader act as the backbone of the organization that may not only improve the efficiency and capability of the employees but also cope-up with varied types of changes. This essay is mainly divided into five phases that mainly highlights the significance of leadership within an organization. Along with this, it also highlights the role of leadership within a change management situation with the help of models like Kotters 8 steps, Lewin’s change management model. Discussion Evaluation of Change Management and Leadership with models In order to survive in this competitive era, leadership is the most essential requirement. As it acts as a weapon not only stimulate the profit margin and productivity of an organization but also to mitigate varied types of chall enges or changes in an effective way. Change management is described as a systematic procedure to deal or tackle varied types of changes or alterations in a successful manner. Moreover, it might also described as an approach that might be handled by implementing varied types of technologies, strategies and procedures so as to mitigate it effectively within the organization. Only then, the productivity and efficiency of the organization might get enhanced thereby amplifying the image and reputation in the market among other rival players. Apart from this, if the changes might be adapted successfully within the organization, only then, the inner morale and confidence of the employees might get enhanced with a significant extent as compared to others. This might help in improvement of their level of performance and efficiency within the organization thereby amplifying the level of retention. It is extremely essential for any organization operating in this competitive age among many oth er rival players. This is because, the experienced employees are the gems of the organization and they might offer varied types of ideas and suggestions in order to implement the changes in an effective way. Such a situation is also seen within the organization, Biogen Idec Incorporated, at the time of restructuring or reassessment of the business strategies. As a result of which, maximum extent of the employees had to cope up with the procedure of reallocation of their job responsibilities as well as outplacement. Due to which, the relationship within the higher authorities and the employees is fading day by day resulting in amplification of the chances of conflicts and miss-confusions. Not only this, the motivation and dedication of the employees of Biogen Idec is also reducing as their roles and

Has terrorism ever succeeded in changing political reality Essay

Has terrorism ever succeeded in changing political reality - Essay Example To those subjected to that terror under the blade of the guillotine or through other, slower methods of torture, that was a rather dubious honor. The paradox remains today in any attempt to discover whether or not terrorism has achieved its political ends. Webster’s dictionary defines â€Å"terrorism† as â€Å"the use of terror and intimidation to gain one’s political objectives† (Websters, 1995). This is a fairly rational and non-judgmental definition of the word, and perhaps because of the objectivity of the statement, virtually every country in the world could be said to have used â€Å"terrorism† as a tactic many times. Every war uses terrorism on a massive scale according to this definition. Those people that are defined as â€Å"terrorists† today just happen to be rather ineffective in their killing methods (compared to sovereign countries) and have a purer political ideology than most of them. Al Quaeda killed around 3000 people on 9/11/2001, the Madrid bombers killed 192 people on 3/11/2004 and the London bombers killed 52 on 7/7/2005 (White, 2005). These figures would have been laughably small for any of the countries that deliberately bombed one another’s civilian populations in WWII. The German, American, Japanese and British authorities would have had severe questions for any bombing mission that came back with these paltry numbers. By way of comparison, more than the total 9/11 deaths die every month on American roads. So neither the method of killing, nor the numbers seem to suggest that â€Å"terrorist† is an easily definable word. This situation is complicated by the fact that all terrorist crimes would be crimes whether one precedes the word with terrorist or not. Killing another human being without justification is a criminal offence in Britain (Homicide Act, 1977), and so is attempting to kill them or to cause injury to them. The question that needs to be asked when dealing with

Critical Theory of International Relations and Neorealism Essay

Critical Theory of International Relations and Neorealism - Essay Example Neorealism show the triumph of social control and structure in defining international relations. The international structure provides a constraint on state actions and although essentially the international structure is decentralised and anarchic, states strive for survival, security and balance of power (Dougherty 2001). Neorealism thus emphasises structural constraints over social perceptions and collective motivations and is more constrained in its explanations of IR. On the other hand, critical theories of international relations would focus on a critical study of IR which would emphasise on origin, development and nature of historical structures of IR. Critical theories of international relations are oriented to critiquing and changing society considering wide perspectives derived from Kantian and Marxian traditions which aim to consider historical and social perspectives within a theory. According to Marxist theories, capital accumulation and explanation of international systems on the basis of such integrated capiatlist approaches is at the focus of socialist concerns. Marxist theories see colonialism as a method of capital accummulation as captive markets show new forms of dependence on more developed countries. Marxist theories suggest that developed countries penetrate developing countries with missionaries, military power, multinational companies and political advisors to integrate these economies into a larger capitalist system. Within the context of developing societies being exploited considering their markets, natural resoruces and raw materials, Marxist theories also use the concept of social class with individuals comprising of the higher class of society being exploitative of the lower class using the sole aim of capital accumulation (Linklater 1990, Burchill 1996). Another critical theory would be social constructivism which gives an epistemological dimension to postpositivist theories and lies in between positivist and postpositivist perspectives. Social constructivism focuses not on the economic aspects, unlike Marxism but on the theory of social ideas or perception showing that international structure constitutes identities and interests of state. The focus of social constructivism is on the state and actions of the state and as constructvism suggests that views and ideas are constructed, social constructivism deals with human experience and social perception. Social constructivism is of the contention that all knowledge of reality including race and gender are actively created by social relationships and interactions and that all meaning are derived from social structures (Brown, 2001, Taylor 1978). The emphasis is thus on society, social meaning and social activity giving meaning to social interactions and reality. Critical constructivism would argue that all proof or fact as seen in empirical research as in natural sciences could be considered as a social or

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 8

Assignment - Essay Example 141).   The relevance of  human resources as a competitive advantage has greater  acknowledgment  over the last decade (Innocenti,  Profili  &  Sammarra, 2012, pg. 725).   Organizations are increasingly investing time and money adopting high and  sophisticated  human resource (HR) practices to boost their competitiveness and employees’ development and engagement (Innocenti,  Profili  &  Sammarra, pg. 725). The benefits that effective human resource practices bring to an organization  can be  identified from the roles it plays. One of them is to  maintain  healthy relationships between employees in an organization. The Human Resource ensures that management deal effectively with everything  concerning  employment  and development of people, as well as employment relationships between people and the workforce (Inyang, 2011, pg. 141).   It ensures benefit to both the organization and employment by creating a conducive environment, where people can use the best of their abilities and  realize  their potential.  In conjunction with  senior and line managers, the human resource management creates business strategy plus  help to  improve planning from the boardroom to the marketplace.   The HR organizes and executes work, plus deliver administrative efficiency  to  ensure  cost reduction and quality of services and products (Inyang, 2011, pg. 142). Another benefit is to increase employee contribution and commitment to the organization by representing their interests to senior management. It also plays the role of a change agent where it shapes processes and culture that improves the organization’s capacity for change. The emergence of  human resource came as the need for companies to  employ  appropriately skilled people so that they can expand.   Adoption of human resource practices in areas of training and development helps to maximize employees’ positive work attitudes (Innocenti,  Profili  &  Sammarra, 2012, pg. 724). Experience of HR

Personal statement for application of Economics Graduate School

For application of Economics Graduate School - Personal Statement Example oduction to micro/macroeconomics; inter-media micro/macroeconomics; econometrics; public economics; mathematical economics; international economics; urban economics; economic development; applied calculus and introduction to calculus. By the time I graduate, I would have also taken two more courses. These are advanced calculus and linear algebra. My enrolment in graduate school will help me to enhance the knowledge that I already have in economics. It will also help me to broaden my perspective as well as offer me novel insights into the depth of my field. With this advanced knowledge, I will be in a better position to competitively progress in my future career. One of my achievements in the Economics and Mathematics field is the GPA of 3.93 that I was able to competitively attain during my course. In overall, I had a GPA of 3.65. This was all possible through my hard work and determination in the course. It is also quite important to note that my interest for this field enabled me to put in more effort that saw me achieve all these great results. Apart from my recommendable academic performance in the Economics and Mathematics field, I was also the Vice President at the Chinese Student and Scholar Association (CSSA) at the university. This position helped me to expand my leadership skills as well as to be of great help to my fellow Chinese students. Through this position, I was able to help the Chinese international students in the United States to get the required documents that were expected of them such as insurance. Housing is equally a very challenging endeavor for students. This is especially occasioned by the fact that the cost of h ousing is quite high and most students are not able to afford. This leaves the students to be â€Å"homeless† in campus. Through my position as the Vice President of the CSSA, I was able to give a helping hand to the Chinese students to acquire housing. This made their school work very comfortable as they did not have to struggle

Marketing Analysis of HSBC Premier Services Case Study

Marketing Analysis of HSBC Premier Services - Case Study Example This is accompanied by an international debit card to help customers access their fund internationally. The customers have an unlimited access to a relationship manager to take care of all their concerns. On request, all customers are provided with an independent financial advisor (IFA) to advise on further accounts management, opening, borrowing and savings. Specific account holders have access to family travel insurance as they travel all over the world. (HSBC Bank UK, 2008, Online) The banking communication is also accessible through out the day with customer being able to call or use internet to make enquiries. Any overdrafts below 500 do not attract any interest. Any overdrafts above 500 and below 5000 will attract interests with the latter being the upper limit for overdrafts allowed. Customers are not required to pay for the set up of the account. However there is a 9.9% EAR surcharged. The overdrafts ceiling is subject to review on a case by case basis. (HSBC Bank UK, 2008, Online) The HSBC have acknowledged that the internet transaction technology came with its challenges. Thus they have put up robust measure to protect the customers against the vice of identity and transaction theft. Customer will therefore not be subjected to any charges of overdrafts occasioned by online theft. Finally customer's have the privilage of cashing a check of upto 2000 for a paid in cheque over the counter. (HSBC Bank UK, 2008, Online) How the product/company is performing (brand share, sales etc) In the UK, the HSBC has felt the impact of the bottom of the cycle. The HSBC Premier has been targeting the commercial properties segment which in the last quarter of 2007 was impacted by the pricing problem. This period saw the capital values go down 11.8% as an extension drop from the Q2 of 2007. (Investment Property Data Bank, 2007, Online)(HSBC Premier, 2008. p.1-7) But since the momentum of capital value reduction is going down, it can be justifiably noted that the HSBC Premier Property Market is moving to the bottom of the cycle. The share capital value declined by about 2% in January 2008 in comparison to the 4.2% in December 2007. Thus the capital share value is picking up positively towards a fair value. (HSBC Premier, 2008. p.7) This correction has had an impact on the market sales even with the prices declining further. The customers have therefore been overreacting to the sale buy buying more capital through HSBC Premier Services. These increased sale could be risky to the economy of UK as the retailers could be working on false values of property. If this outlook is exploited by the impending development plan at the central London, there could be a bleaker and more suppressed rental value for houses. Overall the market is suffering from weakened currency, slowed equity market, mixed performance of the mortgage loans, unstable interest rates and harsh economic conditions (HSBC Premier, 2008. p.7) The brands targets, segment appeals and available marketing competition in that banking sector HSBC Premier is targeting a range of middle to upper income class customer. This is evident in their setting of minimum overdrafts and maximum overdrafts. The second evidence is in the way the respective overdrafts will be subjected to interest rates and

Law of property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law of property - Essay Example Your principal has asked you to research and give her a brief report outlining the legal principles, and identifying the relevant cases and statutory provisions, as to whether You should include with your report (but not counting in the word limit) a list of all cases consulted (with references) and, if appropriate, statutory provisions that are closely relevant to the case, so that your principal can follow these up and give the appropriate advice. (ii) Your principal has also asked you to do a separate piece of research, unconnected with the properties above, to produce a short report on decisions in the cases in the last ten years in which the courts have considered and/or applied the concept of the termination of a lease by surrender by operation of law a) In order to determine if any person has any equitable or legal rights over Sheila's estate one has to consider if it is capable of being an equitable or legal interest. The first consideration under 1(1)(a) is that for there to be a legal interest it has to be an estate in fee simple absolute in possession and (b) A term of years absolute. The second consideration is under 1(2) which identifies only those interests which can be legal interest, which includes such examples as a legal lease of which both lease. The first question is whether Sheila's executors are bound by the leases created by Sheila. The first note to make is that all legal leases that Sheila has made are valid are binding. However, the question is whether this deeded lease is a legal lease because it is not in terms of years absolute, therefore not a legal lease; rather it is an equitable lease. Equitable leases must be registered if created after 1925 and the land is registered. If the land is not registered the n the lease is not binding if sufficient enquiry has been made and there is no obvious notice of occupation. In this case this would fail because there is a deed, which if sufficient enquiry had been made would have been findable. As we are dealing with executors of the estate they have actual notice because they hold the deed, therefore it is binding on them and any buyers because it would have to be made

In the Introduction to Democracy in America, Tocqueville claims that a Essay

In the Introduction to Democracy in America, Tocqueville claims that a great democratic revolution is taking place and tha - Essay Example He believed the creation of America, a land of equality and liberty, where all workers are valued with high esteem is a prominent step in world history. Hence he defined it as the â€Å"most continuous, the oldest, and the most permanent fact known in history†. Why Marx Won’t Agree? Karl Marx saw American Democracy as a mere power shift from monarchies to capitalistic companies he referred as â€Å"bourgeoisie†. Karl Marx differed with Tocqueville because of several reasons. The communists were very clear no social equality would prevail in a country whose economy is driven by capitalism. So, who was actually right? In a sense both of them were right. Both these scholars interpreted the happenings of their time with the wisdom they gained from the circumstances they were born, bought up and lived. Tocqueville was a born in a family regarded with high esteem in France. His family was equivalent to that of nobles. He studied politics and pursued a career in the sam e. Born on 1805, the most prominent occurrences of his time revolved around the American Independence and the French Revolution. Tocqueville was bought up as an aristocrat, but his compassion and humanity made him think revolutionarily. He wanted to do something to improve the pathetic life of the peasants. His mindset did not allow him to see them as the equals of the nobles. He viewed the American democracy which provided great labour freedom, high wages and the ability for everyone to become rich as the best way to improve the lives of the struggling men. His view of helping the workers was quite capitalistic. It was seen from the prospective of a noble or a company head. It was similar to a parental love expressed to children. The parents do what they think is best for the children. It is up to the child to make use of the facilities and prosper in life. A Practical and Foresighted View Karl Marx was born on 1818 in Germany. He belonged to a modest middle-cast family. He got mor e chance to mix with the less deprived people in the society directly. He was one amongst them, who rose to great fame, not because of high class education or family background, but just through his self-acquired intellectuality. His view about American capitalism and democracy is similar to that of a friends approach to a fellow’s problem. Friends understand better than parents as they are in a similar situation to the child. A child can grow without parents, but not without friends. Hence, Marx theories gain more importance than Tocqueville principles. Marx’s view of democracy means keeping everything common for everybody, converting every labour into an owner and every owner into a worker. Abraham Lincoln expressed the same view in a different way in his Gettysburg Address. He said â€Å"As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master.† He strongly believed anything different from this would only damage democracy. Two Different Poles Tocqueville thought wealth distribution was unnecessary. He simply felt the steps taken by the American government to bridge the gap between the poor and the rich are enough. He strongly felt, division of property will only increase poor’s hatred towards the rich (De Tocqueville, 192). He had no second thoughts about presenting enough opportunities for everyone though. This is where Marx and Tocqueville differ like opposite poles of a magnet. Marx argues there should be no such opportunity present to anyone, as it will pave for another dominant class. The communists

Muscular Dystropy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Muscular Dystropy - Essay Example symptoms vary according to the type of muscular dystrophy; but, generally, the symptoms may include muscle weakness; loss of coordination; and progressive crippling that result in fixations of the muscles around the joints and mobility loss (ibid.) There are many types of muscular dystrophy. Dystrophinopathies are due to a genetic defect of the protein dystrophin. Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy , which is the most severe , occurs mostly in young boys and is the most common form that affects children. There is no cure for any form of muscular dystrophy. Treatment attempts to reduce deformities in the joints and the spine to retain mobility for as long as possible. â€Å"Treatments may include various types of physical therapy, medications, assistive devices, and surgery† (ibid.). Because respiratory problems may occur in the later stages, it is important that patients be vaccinated for pneumonia and be current with flu shots. According to Nursing Care Plan (2011), there is currently no cure for MD so therapeutic management is focused on managing the symptoms and maintaining the highest level of functional independence possible. Patients with MD are managed by a multidisciplinary team because of their complex needs. Nursing interventions are primarily preventive and

In what ways did industrialization create new opportunities for women Essay

In what ways did industrialization create new opportunities for women How and why were these opportunities limited - Essay Example Important changes occurred included the elevation of women positions and set up of more demanding jobs. Industrialization shifted American economy from agricultural to an economy characterized by workforce enabling many women to enter the paid jobs. This was possible as women worked in textile industries, mining and agriculture. A change in industrial configuration lessened the number women labors. Opportunities like being employed as a miner were then outlawed by the regime as being illegitimate for woman to toil as a drawer in coal excavating. Another impediment to the employment of women came from gender partition of labor. Gender defined the role of women and women discretely (Hillstrom et al., 205). The cultural devaluing of women household jobs camouflaged its continuation leading to decrease in economy importance. The working place was another cause to limit the opportunities. That was possible when the working places were far away from women homes. Therefore, women were unable to comfortably work and at the same time taking care of their children (Sylvia 2008). Women who got married would rather stay home and look after children due to undue influence from their husbands and core cultural values that need to be

Warren E. Buffet 2005 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Warren E. Buffet 2005 - Essay Example All along Buffett created his own rules in the game of investments in the stocks and has achieved a fair degree of success. This paper critically examines the investment philosophies and decisions of Warren Buffett while detailing the performance and investments of Berkshire Hathaway, the flagship company of Buffett including the second largest acquisition of Buffett of Pacific Corporation, a regulated energy producing company in the United States. Profession Benjamin Graham of Columbia University was the mentor of Warren Buffett, under whom he was trained in the art of investment in securities. Graham developed a method of identifying those shares whose prices are less than their intrinsic value and focused on other elements such as cash, net working capital, and physical assets. Buffett further modified this approach to include the focus on valuable franchises that do not go into the normal valuation of shares by the market. By the year 2005, on the basis of the letters written by Warren Buffett as chairperson to the shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway, the investment philosophy of Buffett has been expounded detailing the following important elements: The foremost p(1) Economic Realities Versus Accounting Realities The foremost philosophy is to recognize and consider the economic realities at business level rather than the accounting realities, as the accounting reality is considered to be backward looking and mostly governed by the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) .The rational behind adopting the economic reality at business level is that, it takes into account the value of intangible assets like patents, goodwill, trademarks and any special skills of managers, while the accounting reality does not consider the value of these assets. (2) Cost of Lost Opportunities 'Cost of lost opportunity' is another important phenomenon advocated by Buffett to be considered in any investment decision. For Buffett, the comparison of a proposed investment, against the returns from alternative opportunities available in the market is an important benchmark consideration for investments. (3) Value Creation The next philosophy advises that the investment should consider the intrinsic value of the shares as the present value of future expected performance. This aspect is not being considered for investment decisions in the other methods. According to Buffett intrinsic value is the only logical measure to decide on the attractiveness and worth of any business investment decisions. (4) Gain in Intrinsic Value Versus Accounting Profit Buffett strongly followed the principle that any investment should be capable of increasing the average annual rate of gain in intrinsic value of the business on performance-share basis, rather than, the increase in the accounting profits. Buffett advocated that the gain in intrinsic value should be considered as analogous to the economic gains made by the business which is a true measure of financial performance. (5) Risks and Discounted Cash Flows The traditional method of determining the discount rates like Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) would add a risk premium to the long term risk free rate of

Meaning & Significance of Financial Assessment Assignment

Meaning & Significance of Financial Assessment - Assignment Example It helps gain access to fast, independent and reliable financial assessment reports in order to take better decisions. It enables to  achieve financial success. Financial assessment is based on past records and future projections. The company can gain much better control over their financial performance by looking at the past in order to help plan and predict the future. A sound financial plan contains a complete picture of the financial health of the business and the viability of strategic plans. It also helps to know whether the company is being run in a proper way during implementation, so that it can take preventive action before anything serious happens, for example, running out of cash. â€Å"Successful financial analysis and planning require an understanding of a company’s external and internal environments† (Analysis of Financial Statements Reviewing and Assessing Statements, 2006). Every enterprise should prepare certain statements in order to ascertain the f inancial condition of the business, known as financial statements. A financial statement has an important role in the decision making process. But the information in the financial statements is not effectively helpful in order to make a meaningful conclusion. Therefore, an effective and efficient analysis and interpretation of financial statements is necessary. Financial statement analysis  is â€Å"the process of identifying financial strengths and  weaknesses  of the firm by properly establishing  relationship between  the items of the balance sheet and the  profit and loss account† (Financial Statement Analysis, 2012). Analysis means establishing a significant relationship between a number of items of two financial statements with each other, in order to draw a meaningful conclusion. By financial statements we mean three statements: i. Balance Sheet or Position Statement ii. Profit and loss Account or Income Statement iii. Cash flow statement â€Å"The term fi nancial analysis is also known as analysis and interpretation of financial statements† (Financial Statement Analysis- An Introduction n.d). Financial statement analysis is an evaluation to assess the efficiency and performance of the firm. Thus, it is very essential to measure the financial soundness, efficiency, profitability, and future prospects of business units. Financial analysis serves the following purposes: Measuring profitability Indicating the trend of achievements Assessing the growth potential of the business Comparative position in relation to other firms Assess overall financial strength Assess solvency of the firm. Elements of financial assessment: Analysis of financial statement is an important part of the process of developing a business plan, as it also helps to monitor the success of that plan. Elements of financial analysis include:  Ã‚   1.  Budgeting- Budgeting is an important element of financial analysis. Creating a budget means setting out planned cash inflows and outflow of the business. It facilitates indentifying liquidity of the firm by

A rite of passage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A rite of passage - Essay Example The Tibetans have Lamaism as their religion, which is an integration of the native Tibetan religion (Bon) and Mahayana Buddhism (Kapstein, p38). In a general perspective, the basic rite of passage for the Tibetans is the sticking of a tiny piece of Tibetan’s staple food (zamba) on the newborn’s forehead. This is perceived as the process of purification of the newborn. Additionally, when the baby is a month old, the parents are bound to paint the tip of its (baby’s) nose with soot as a sign of prevention from ghosts, whereas the relatives and parents of the baby going to the monastery to pray for protection from the Buddha. This is the general rite of passage of newborn babies, regardless of the gender. At a later age, that is, at the age of twelve, a Tibetan girl’s hair is combed into two braids. The braids are later advanced in to three, at the age of thirteen and/or fourteen, and five braids at the age of fifteen and/or sixteen (Kapstein, p67). However, the girl’s hair is combed into dozens of braids at the age of seventeen to signify the initiation into adulthood. In the Tibetan culture, changes in hair are used to mark the several rites of passage for the girl child (Kapstein, p67). According to research, hair changing ceremonies conducted for the Tibetan girls deliberate on the social status of the girls (Kapstein, p85). The hair changing ceremony for the Tibetan girls signifies that the girls are old enough to raise and cater for families, and hence they are ready to accept marriage proposals, and are ready to get married (Kapstein, p85). As a matter of fact, the Tibetan boys tend to court the girls after the hair changing ceremony, with intentions of sleeping with them and propose marriage. Research also indicates that hair dressers were strictly married women, who were carefully selected as per their beauty, perfect eyesight, and/or intact teeth

Tourism in Latin America Essay Example for Free

Tourism in Latin America Essay Imagine that you are a tour guide in Latin America. Your clients want to see the artwork and ruins of the earliest known pre-Columbian civilization. They also want to know the history behind them. To satisfy their interests, you must custom develop a tour just for them. You will call it The Legacies of the Olmec, Zapotec, and Chavà ­n. Describe each of the 3 artifacts below: Describe this artifact: 1. The name of the civilization that created it (Olmec, Zapotec, Chavà ­n) ? 2. An explanation of the evidence that the artifact belongs to that civilization 3. A description of the characteristics of the artifact 4. A logical explanation of the purpose that the artifact would have served Describe this artifact: 5. The name of the civilization that created it (Olmec, Zapotec, Chavà ­n) ? Chavin 6. An explanation of the evidence that the artifact belongs to that civilization Common Chavin design are people ands animals 7. A description of the characteristics of the artifact Art and engineering innovations can be found in distant settlements 8. A logical explanation of the purpose that the artifact would have served To percent the temple from flooding during highlands rainy seasons Describe this artifact: 1. The name of the civilization that created it (Olmec, Zapotec, Chavà ­n)? The Olmec 2. An explanation of the evidence that the artifact belongs to that civilization They were the people who built the heads 3. A description of the characteristics of the artifact The most recognizable artifacts are carved stone heads 4. A logical explanation of the purpose that the artifact would have served They are portraits of the Olmec ruler

Coffee Shop Essay Example for Free

Coffee Shop Essay In this RFP the following definitions shall apply: â€Å"City† means the City of Surrey; â€Å"City Representative† has the meaning set out in section 1. 8; â€Å"City Website† means www. surrey. ca; â€Å"Closing Time† has the meaning set out in section 1. 3; â€Å"Contract† means a formal written contract between the City and a Preferred Proponent to undertake the Services, the preferred form of which is attached as Schedule B; â€Å"Evaluation Team† means the team appointed by the City; â€Å"Information Meeting† has the meaning set out in section 1. 4; â€Å"Preferred Proponent(s)† means the Proponent(s) selected by the Evaluation Team to enter into negotiations for a Contract; â€Å"Proponent† means an entity that submits a Proposal; â€Å"Proposal† means a proposal submitted in response to this RFP; â€Å"RFP† means this Request for Proposals; â€Å"Services† has the meaning set out in Schedule A; â€Å"Site† means the place or places where the Services are to be performed; and â€Å"Statement of Departures† means Schedule C-1 to the form of Proposal attached as Schedule C. Instructions To Proponents 2 Closing Time and Address for Proposal Delivery. Proposals must be received by the office of the: Kam Grewal, BBA, CMA Acting Purchasing AP Manager Address:6645 – 148 Street Surrey, BC V3S 3C7 on or before the following date and time (the â€Å"Closing Time†): Time: 3:00 pm local time Date: Monday, July 5, 2010 Submissions by fax [or email] will not be accepted. There will be no extension to the Closing Time for the submission of proposals. 3 Information Meeting An information meeting may be hosted by the City Representative to discuss the City’s requirements under this RFP (the â€Å"Information Meeting†). While attendance is at the discretion of Proponents, Proponents who do not attend will be deemed to have attended the Information Meeting and to have received all of the information given at the Information Meeting. At the time of issuance of this RFP a meeting has not been scheduled. 4 Number of Copies Proponents should submit the original plus 5 hard copies (6 in total) of their Proposals. 5 Late Proposals Proposals received after the Closing Time will not be accepted or considered. Delays caused by any delivery, courier or mail service(s) will not be grounds for an extension of the Closing Time. 7 Amendments to Proposals Proposals may be revised by written amendment, delivered to the location set out above, at any time before the Closing Time but not after. An amendment must be signed by an authorized signatory of the Proponent in the same manner as provided by section 2. 3. Fax amendments are permitted, but such fax may show only the change to the proposal price(s) and in no event disclose the actual proposal price(s). A Proponent bears all risk that the City’s fax equipment functions properly so as to facilitate timely delivery of any fax amendment. 8 Inquiries All inquiries related to this RFP should be directed in writing to the person named below (the â€Å"City Representative†). Information obtained from any person or source other than the City Representative may not be relied upon. Kam Grewal, BBA, CMA Acting Purchasing AP Manager Address:City of Surrey – Purchasing 6645 – 148 Street Surrey, BC V3S 3C7 Phone: 604-590-7274 Fax:604-599-0956 Email:[emailprotected] ca Inquiries should be made no later than 7 days before Closing Time. The City reserves the right not to respond to inquiries made within 7 days of the Closing Time. Inquiries and responses will be recorded and may be distributed to all Proponents at the discretion of the City. Proponents finding discrepancies or omissions in the Contract or RFP, or having doubts as to the meaning or intent of any provision, should immediately notify the City Representative. If the City determines that an amendment is required to this RFP, the City Representative will issue an addendum in accordance with section 1. 9. No oral conversation will affect or modify the terms of this RFP or may be relied upon by any Proponent. 9 Addenda If the City determines that an amendment is required to this RFP, the City will post a written addendum on the City website at www. surrey. ca (the City Website) and upon posting will be deemed to form part of this RFP. Upon submitting a Proposal, Proponents will be deemed to have received notice of all addenda that are posted on the City Website. 10 Examination of Contract Documents and Site. Proponents will be deemed to have carefully examined the RFP, including all attached Schedules, the Contract and the Site (as applicable) prior to preparing and submitting a Proposal with respect to any and all facts which may influence a Proposal. 11 Opening of Proposals The City intends to open Proposals in private but reserves the right to open Proposals in public at its sole discretion. 12 Status Inquiries All inquiries related to the status of this RFP, including whether or not a Contract has been awarded, should be directed to the City Website and not to the City Representative. Proposal Submission FORM AND contents 2 Package Proposals should be in a sealed package, marked on the outside with the Proponents name, title of the Project and reference number. 3 Form of Proposal Proponents should complete the form of Proposal attached as Schedule C, including Schedules C-1 to C-4. Proponents are encouraged to respond to the items listed in Schedules C-1 to C-4 in the order listed. Proponents are encouraged to use the forms provided and attach additional pages as necessary. 4 Signature. The legal name of the person or firm submitting the Proposal should be inserted in Schedule C. The Proposal should be signed by a person authorized to sign on behalf of the Proponent. 1 If the Proponent is a corporation then the full name of the corporation should be included, together with the names of authorized signatories. The Proposal should be executed by all of the authorized signatories or by one or more of them provided that a copy of the corporate resolution authorizing those persons to execute the Proposal on behalf of the corporation is submitted. 2 If the Proponent is a partnership or joint venture then the name of the partnership or joint venture and the name of each partner or joint venturer should be included, and each partner or joint venturer should sign personally (or, if one or more person(s) have signing authority for the partnership or joint venture, the partnership or joint venture should provide evidence to the satisfaction of the City that the person(s) signing have signing authority for the partnership or joint venture). If a partner or joint venturer is a corporation then such corporation should sign as indicated in subsection (a) above. 3 If the Proponent is an individual, including a sole proprietorship, the name of the individual should be included. evaluation and Selection 2 Evaluation Team The evaluation of Proposals will be undertaken on behalf of the City by the Evaluation Team. The Evaluation Team may consult with others including City staff members, third party consultants and references, as the Evaluation Team may in its discretion decide is required. The Evaluation Team will give a written recommendation for the selection of a Preferred Proponent or Preferred Proponents to the City. 3 Evaluation Criteria The Evaluation Team will compare and evaluate all Proposals to determine the Proponents strength and ability to provide the Services in order to determine the Proposal which is most advantageous to the City, using the following criteria: 1 Experience, Reputation and Resources The Evaluation Team will consider the Proponents responses to items in C-2 of Schedule C including supplementary information. 3 Technical The Evaluation Team will consider the Proponents responses to items (i) to (vii) in C-3 of Schedule C. 5 Financial The Evaluation Team will consider the Proponents response to C-4 of Schedule C. (d)Statement of Departures The Evaluation Team will consider the Proponents response to C-1 of Schedule C. The Evaluation Team will not be limited to the criteria referred to above, and the Evaluation Team may consider other criteria that the team identifies as relevant during the evaluation process. The Evaluation Team may apply the evaluation criteria on a comparative basis, evaluating the Proposals by comparing one Proponents Proposal to another Proponents Proposal. All criteria considered will be applied evenly and fairly to all Proposals. 4 Discrepancies in Proponents Financial Proposal If there are any obvious discrepancies, errors or omissions in C-4 of a Proposal (Proponents Financial Proposal), then the City shall be entitled to make obvious corrections, but only if, and to the extent, the corrections are apparent from the Proposal as submitted, and in particular: (a)if there is a discrepancy between a unit price and the extended total, then the unit prices shall be deemed to be correct, and corresponding corrections will be made to the extended totals; (b)if a unit price has been given but the corresponding extended total has been omitted, then the extended total will be calculated from the unit price and the estimated quantity; (c)if an extended total has been given but the corresponding unit price has been omitted, then the unit price will be calculated from the extended total and the estimated quantity. 6 Litigation In addition to any other provision of this RFP, the City may, in its absolute discretion, reject a Proposal if the Proponent, or any officer or director of the Proponent submitting the Proposal, is or has been engaged directly or indirectly in a legal action against the City, its elected or appointed officers, representatives or employees in relation to any matter. In determining whether or not to reject a Proposal under this section, the City will consider whether the litigation is likely to affect the Proponent’s ability to work with the City, its consultants and representatives and whether the City’s experience with the Proponent indicates that there is a risk the City will incur increased staff and legal costs in the administration of the Contract if it is awarded to the Proponent. 8 Additional Information The Evaluation Team may, at its discretion, request clarifications or additional information from a Proponent with respect to any Proposal, and the Evaluation Team may make such requests only to selected Proponents. The Evaluation Team may consider such clarifications or additional information in evaluating a Proposal. 10 Interviews The Evaluation Team may, at its discretion, may invite some or all of the Proponents to appear before the Evaluation Team to provide clarifications of their Proposals. In such event, the Evaluation Team will be entitled to consider the answers received in evaluating Proposals. 12 Multiple Preferred Proponents and Changes to the Proponent Team The City reserves the right and discretion to divide up the Services, either by scope, geographic area, or other basis as the City may decide, and to select one or more Preferred Proponents to enter into discussions with the City for one or more Contracts to perform a portion or portions of the Services. If the City exercises its discretion to divide up the Services, the City will do so reasonably having regard for the RFP and the basis of Proposals. Likewise, the City reserves the right to ask for changes in the member/s comprising the Proponent Team as it deems beneficial to the overall composition of the Team and without any obligation to justify its preference. In addition to any other provision of this RFP, Proposals may be evaluated on the basis of advantages and disadvantages to the City that might result or be achieved from the City dividing up the Services and entering into one or more Contracts with one or more Proponents. NOT APPLICABLE 14 Negotiation of Contract and Award If the City selects a Preferred Proponent, then it may: (a)enter into a Contract with the Preferred Proponent; or (b)enter into discussions with the Preferred Proponent to clarify any outstanding issues and attempt to finalize the terms of the Contract, including financial terms. If discussions are successful, the City and the Preferred Proponent will finalize the Contract; or. (c)if at any time the City reasonably forms the opinion that a mutually acceptable agreement is not likely to be reached within a reasonable time, give the Preferred Proponent written notice to terminate discussions, in which event the City may then either open discussions with another Proponent or terminate this RFP and retain or obtain the Services in some other manner. General Conditions 2 No City Obligation. This RFP is not a tender and does not commit the City in any way to select a Preferred Proponent, or to proceed to negotiations for a Contract, or to award any Contract, and the City reserves the complete right to at any time reject all Proposals, and to terminate this RFP process. 4 Proponent’s Expenses Proponents are solely responsible for their own expenses in preparing, and submitting Proposals, and for any meetings, negotiations or discussions with the City or its representatives and consultants, relating to or arising from this RFP. The City and its representatives, agents, consultants and advisors will not be liable to any Proponent for any claims, whether for costs, expenses, losses or damages, or loss of anticipated profits, or for any other matter whatsoever, incurred by the Proponent in preparing and submitting a Proposal, or participating in negotiations for a Contract, or other activity related to or arising out of this RFP. 6 No Contract. By submitting a Proposal and participating in the process as outlined in this RFP, Proponents expressly agree that no contract of any kind is formed under, or arises from, this RFP, prior to the signing of a formal written Contract. 7 Conflict of Interest A Proponent shall disclose in its Proposal any actual or potential conflicts of interest and existing business relationships it may have with the City, its elected or appointed officials or employees. The City may rely on such disclosure. 8 Solicitation of Council Members and City Staff. Proponents and their agents will not contact any member of the City Council or City staff with respect to this RFP, other than the City Representative named in section 1. 8, at any time prior to the award of a contract or the termination of this RFP. 10 Confidentiality All submissions become the property of the City and will not be returned to the Proponent. All submissions will be held in confidence by the City unless otherwise required by law. Proponents should be aware the City is a â€Å"public body† defined by and subject to the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act of British Columbia. Schedule A SERVICES 1. GENERAL This RFP is inviting potential Proponents to submit Proposals to act as the tenant and sole vendor for a proposed coffee shop (the â€Å"Coffee Shop†) at the Surrey City Centre Library (the â€Å"Library†), currently being constructed at 10350 University Drive, Surrey, BC. The successful Proponent will be responsible for the managing and daily service of the Coffee Shop located on the ground floor of the Library. There will be an opportunity for the successful Proponent to provide catering for meetings and other similar functions, although it is not mandatory for the client to use the Coffee Shop for catering. 2. BACKGROUND As part of the Surrey City Centre plan review and update, the Surrey City Council has approved the construction of a new 5-level library. While the project is currently in the design phase, construction has commenced due to the fast track nature of the project. Currently excavation is complete on the basement and the ground floor slab and reinforcement is being set. It will be poured by Friday June 18, 2010. The Library is conveniently located near bus loops, transit and SkyTrain. The Library will eventually become part of a plaza where community celebrations will take place. Once completed it will be Surrey’s largest library at 75,000 square feet. The City’s new Library will be a unique state of the art environmentally friendly landmark that provides access to the broadest range of information, learning opportunities, and diverse cultural experiences. The new Library will be: The centrepiece for Surrey’s City Centre; adorned in architectural excellence for the 21st century, the library will contribute to the vitality of the city and put Surrey in a class with other great cities. A foundation for the City’s future success by boosting economic and cultural activity and attracting visitors from all parts of the country. A source of pride and a great public space, where the community gathers to celebrate, reflect, connect and share information, knowledge and culture. 3. PROJECT GOAL The goal of this project is to identify a coffee and related food services operator for the Library. 4. THE COFFEE SHOP An exciting opportunity exists on the ground floor to operate a commercial Coffee Shop. The Coffee Shop is located in a high traffic area, between the two main entrances, elevators and new book display. The licence awarded to the successful Proponent would also include a seating area where customers can sit. The consumption of food within the Library itself is allowed. There are several meeting rooms and a large room which can host community events, along with teen areas, study areas, children’s areas and much more. It is also expected that the Library will be utilised by SFU students on a constant basis. 5. LIBRARY HOURS Library opening hours are: Monday to Friday9:30am – 9:00pm Saturday10:00am – 5:00pm Sunday 1:00pm – 5:00pm 6.2009 PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC The following figures represent the estimated visits at all the public library branches for 2009. |BRANCH |VISITORS | |Cloverdale | 163,605 | |Fleetwood | 262,717 | |Guildford | 582,361 | |Newton | 357,045 | |Ocean Park | 193,167 | |Port Kells | 7,410 | |Semiahmoo | 305,162 | |Strawberry Hill | 357,166 | |Whalley | 276,406 | It is estimated that traffic for the Library will mirror that of the Whalley branch, and is expected to increase due to the development taking place in the area. 7. EXPECTATIONS OF THE SUCCESSFUL PROPONENT. The City would require the successful Proponent to offer a variety of food and beverage choices that include healthy and nutritious options for all customers, many of whom are school-aged children. The Surrey Public Library Board has approved the policy (policy 3. 8 Healthy Food Options) that the Library provides a healthy food option for programs, special events and contests. No alcohol is to be allowed. There is to be no food smell generation if preparation is required and there is to be no electric grinding (e. g. coffee beans) on the Coffee Shop floor due to noise levels. All grinding can be done in the storage room, manually or prior to Library opening hours. Loading of stock for the Coffee Shop can be done via the west entrance of the ground floor or via the elevators from the underground parkade. Persons meeting in the conference rooms are permitted to cater from external companies although there is the opportunity for the successful Proponent to cater these functions if prior arrangements are made between the two parties. The opening date for the Coffee Shop is yet to be determined, however, it is expected to be up and running by early Summer of 2011. The Coffee Shop is expected to be operational during Library opening hours. Opening times for the Coffee Shop are to be from the Library’s opening time to half an hour prior to the Library’s closing. The successful Proponent would be able to enter the building half an hour prior to the Library’s opening time. The successful Proponent is to supply any equipment needed for the Coffee Shop to function including, but not limited to, coffee machines, refrigerator, signage, counter cooler case, etc. All business licences and food permits are the responsibility of the Proponent. 8. SUCCESSFUL PROPONENT’S WORK RESPONSIBILITIES a) Should there be any structural changes which have been reviewed and approved by the City prior to the execution of such changes, the tenant is to supply all tenant improvement plans signed and sealed by professional engineers or architects to be approved by the City. b) The tenant is to provide evidence of insurance for the City`s approval as specified in the License Agreement (refer to Schedule B – License Agreement). c) The tenant is expected to supply all equipment needed to sufficiently run the coffee shop including, but not limited to, coffee machines and espresso equipment, undercounter refrigerators, shelving in the storage room, display cooler case, paper towel dispenser, milk cooler, microwave, cash register and trash bins. 9. COLD DRINK BEVERAGES The City has an agreement with The Pepsi Bottling Group (Canada), Co. (â€Å"Pepsi†), for the exclusive supply of cold drink beverages for all City facilities, including the Library. Therefore, the successful Proponent is to work directly with Pepsi for the supply of cold drink beverages, including: †¢ Carbonated soft drinks †¢ Teas other than fresh brewed †¢ Juices. †¢ Juice-based products †¢ Lemonade †¢ Isotonics †¢ Sports drinks †¢ Energy drinks †¢ Bottled water Excluded Beverages: †¢ Milk †¢ Flavoured milk †¢ Cold coffee †¢ Branded or unbranded fresh brewed coffee or tea †¢ Hot chocolate †¢ Unbranded fresh squeezed juices †¢ Smoothies and milkshakes The agreement with Pepsi is to expire in 2011. 10. SNACK FOODS The City has an agreement with Ryan Company Ltd. (â€Å"Ryan Vending†), for the exclusive supply of a healthier snack foods program and vending services for all City facilities, including the Library. Therefore, the successful Proponent is to work directly with Ryan Vending for the supply of snack foods. 11. CITY’ RESPONSIBILITIES The City is to complete the Licence Area, as set out in Schedule B, in a good and workmanlike manner, at the City’s cost, using new materials and to the following extent: a) Interior wall taped and sanded drywall to code, painted white; b) Ceiling is to be painted concrete; c) The floor will be finished with a rubber covering; d) Counter tops on the horizontal front counter is to be a white laminate; e) The vertical section of the counters shall be an East Coast maple; f) The counter at the back of the shop floor containing the sink, and the backsplash, is to be white Corian; g) There will be an apple ply edging where the vertical edge of the counters meets the horizontal at the front counter; h) There is to be recessed lighting fixtures above the back counter, surface mounted fixture on painted concrete ceiling to light signage and menu and pendant fixtures at the front counter; i) All signage, including Menu board, must be approved by the City and the design team (Bing Thom Architects). The preferred signage for the Coffee Shop is electric flat screens, however, the design team is open to ideas regarding electronic signage from Proponents. This will have no impact on the evaluation of the Proponent’ Proposal; j) The City will provide the main sink and handwash sink located in the back counter; k) A 25mm domestic hot and cold water line with backflow preventor will be installed for refrigerator and coffee machine; and l) A 20mm domestic hot and cold water pipe and a 40mm sanitary drain will be installed for each of the two (2) sinks. term The Proponent will provide the Services set out in this Schedule A and A-1 for a term not to exceed five years (including renewal) commencing in the early Summer of 2011 (the Term). Schedule A-1 DIAGRAMS [pic] Proposed coffee shop layout plan [pic] Proposed coffee shop elevation view [pic] Proposed Coffee Shop Section [pic] Proposed Coffee Shop overall plan [pic] Proposed Coffee Shop seating area Schedule B CONTRACT (DRAFT) [pic] LICENSE AGREEMENT Title:SURREY CITY CENTRE LIBRARY COFFEE SHOP Reference No. :1220-30-22-10 THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT dated this ____________ day of __________ 2010. BETWEEN: CITY OF SURREY 14245 – 56 Avenue Surrey, B. C. V3X 3A2 (the Licensor) OF THE FIRST PART AND:   (the Licensee). OF THE SECOND PART WHEREAS: A. The Licensor is the owner of those lands and premises located at 10350 University Blvd within the City of Surrey, Province of British Columbia, and more particularly known and described as: Parcel Identifier: 028-179-951 Parcel 1 Section 27 Block 5 N Range 2 West New Westminster District Plan BCP44240 (the Lands) on which is located theCity Centre Library. B. The Licensee wishes to obtain from the Licensor a licence to use those portions of the building located on the Lands as follows: 1. Area A Concession and Storage Room (Licence Area A) which area is approximately 141. 9 sq. ft. and shown on the plan attached hereto as Schedule A; and 2. Area B Seating Area (Licence Area B) as shown on the plan attached hereto as Schedule A (collectively the Licence Area) C. The Licensee intends to use the Licence Area for the retail sale of coffee, tea, and other products as outlined in this Licence. D. Licence Area A shall be for the exclusive use of the Licensee, and Licence Area B shall be for the non-exclusive use of the Licensee. NOW THEREFORE in consideration of the sum of ONE DOLLAR paid by each of the parties to each other and other good and valuable consideration (the receipt and sufficiency of which each party hereby acknowledges) the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows: 1. In this License the parties agree that: (a)Additional Rental means the moneys payable hereunder, together with all other sums of money, whether or not designated as Additional Rental, to be paid by the Licensee whether to the Licensor or otherwise under this License save and except Minimum Rental and Percentage Rental; (b)Commencement Date of Term means ______________, 2011; (c)Gross Revenue means the entire amount of the sales price, whether wholesale or retail, for cash, credit, or otherwise of all sales of merchandise and services, and all other receipts and receivables whatsoever of all business conducted at, in, upon, or from the Licence Area, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, receipts and receivables in respect of any sale effected by the Licensee using any computer, electronic, telephone, internet, or like system, where the Product is sent via the Licence. Area or by the Licensee directly to a consumer, orders taken at or received at the Licence Area, although such orders may be filled elsewhere by the Licensee, deposits not refunded to customers, the selling price of gift certificates, charges to customers in the nature of interest or carrying or financing charges, sums, and credits received, and settlement of claims for loss of or damage to goods. No deductions shall be allowed for uncollected or uncollectible credit accounts. There shall not be included in Gross Revenue: (i)any sums shown separately from the price and collected and paid out for any direct retail sales tax imposed by any duly constituted governmental authority; (ii)the exchange of goods and merchandise between the stores of the Licensee, if any, where such exchange of goods or merchandise is made solely for the convenient operation of the business of the Licensee and not for the purpose of consummating a sale which has previously been made or agreed to be made at, in, from, or upon the Licence Area or for the purpose of depriving the Licensor of the benefit of a sale which otherwise would be made at, in, from, or upon the Licence Area; (iii)the Licensee’s original cost of returns to suppliers or to manufacturers; (iv)the amount of merchandise sold when such merchandise is thereafter returned by the purchaser and accepted by the Licensee, and a complete credit is given to the purchaser; and (v)the selling price of gift or merchandise certificates or coupons sold other than from the Licence Area, provided that such gift or merchandise certificates or coupons shall be included in the calculation of Gross Revenue at the time of their redemption. (vi)Each sale upon an installment or credit basis shall be treated as a sale for the full price in the month in which that sale is made regardless of the time when the Licensee receives payment, whether full or partial, from its customer; (d)Lands means as hereinbefore defined in recital A; (e)Licence Year means a 12-month period commencing with the first day of January in one calendar year and ending on the last day of December of that year, providing that the first Licence Year shall commence on the Commencement Date of Term and end on the last day of December next following and the last Licence Year shall end on the last day of the Term and commence on the first day of January preceding that date; (f)Licence Area means Licence Area A and Licence Area B; (g)Licence Area A means those portions of the building located on the Lands shown highlighted in pink and marked as Area A. Concession and Area A Storage room, which area is approximately 141. 9 sq. ft. ; (h)Licence Area B means those portions of the building located on the Lands shown highlighted in yellow and marked as Area B. Seating Area; (i)Minimum Rental means the minimum annual rental reserved hereunder payable by the Licensee; (j)Product means coffee, tea, soft drinks, juices, pastries, sandwiches and related items as specified in the menu attached as Schedule C which menu may be amended from time to time with the agreement of the Licensor and the Licensee; (k)Percentage Rental means the percentage rental reserved hereunder and payable by the Licensee; (l)Real Property Taxes means all taxes, rates and assessments, whether general or specially levied or assessed for municipal, school, general or any other purposes by any lawful government authority payable by the Landlord in respect of the Demised Premises and shall include any other taxes payable by the Landlord which in the future are levied in lieu of or in addition to such taxes, rates and assessments the whole as finally determined for each calendar year as a result of assessment, appeal or judicial review, and shall include any legal fees, or appraisers fees incurred by the Landlord in respect of such final determination. (m)Rental means Additional Rental, Percentage Rental, if any, and Minimum Rental; and (n)Term means _______ (__) years commencing on the Commencement Date of the Term and ending on the _____ day of ________, 20__. 2. The Licensor hereby grants to the Licensee a licence to occupy and use Licence Area A on an exclusive basis and Licence Area B on a non-exclusive basis commencing on the Commencement Date of Term for Term unless sooner terminated as hereinafter provided. 3. To use Licence Area for the retail sale of the Products and to use Licence Area B to provide a seating area for the benefit of visitors to and staff of the City Centre Library and for no other purpose during the Term. 4. The Licensor covenants and agrees to pay to the Licensor, in lawful money of Canada, on the days and at the times hereinafter specified, Rental which shall include the aggregate of the sums required to be paid: (a)Minimum Rental and Percentage Rental: The Tenant shall pay the greater of: (i)Minimum Rental of $________ per month commencing on the Commencement Date of Term and the 1st day of each and every month thereafter throughout the Term; or (ii)the Percentage Rental which shall be ___% of Gross Revenue per Licence Year; (b). Additional Rental Any sums, costs, expenses or other amounts from time to time due and payable by the Tenant to the Landlord or to any third persons under the provisions of this Licence, including, without limitation, all amounts payable under Section 4. 3 and Article 5 and all amounts payable by the Tenant by way of indemnity, whether expressed in this Licence to be Basic Rent or Additional Rent or not shall be treated and deemed to be Rent and the Lan.